Supersized ancient shoes

Archaeologists Keep Finding Massive Shoes at an Ancient Roman Fort near Hadrian’s Wall in northern England —and They Have No Idea Why They're So Big

When archaeologists unearth ancient shoes, the artifacts are usually about the same size as the footwear we use today. However, during recent excavations in northern England, researchers were surprised to find several massive leather shoes that are much larger than usual—and they have no idea why they’re so big.

The supersized footwear comes from a Roman-era fort called Magna, which is located along Hadrian’s Wall, the 73-mile stone fortification built beginning in 122 C.E. that marked the northwest boundary of the Roman Empire. Also known as Carvoran, the fort was operational from 85 C.E. to 122 C.E., according to the Roman Army Museum. Roughly a quarter of all the shoes found at Magna are longer than 11.8 inches, according to the Vindolanda Trust.

A very large Roman shoe, size 14

Researchers discovered the first huge shoe while exploring a defensive ditch where Roman soldiers were also known to dump their trash. That shoe’s sole was 12.6 inches long, which is roughly the same size as a men’s 14 in the United States.

What were Roman shoes made from?

The ancient Romans wore several different styles of footwear, though most were constructed from leather.

Archaeologists kept digging and found another 33 shoes of varying sizes, including some that appear to have been made for children. The longest shoe they found measures 12.8 inches long.

The soles are all made from thick sheets of cowhide leather that are held together by iron hobnails, reports CNN’s Kameryn Griesser. The shoes have been preserved for nearly 2,000 years because of the low-oxygen conditions of the soil in the region.

A large shoe found at Magna 

Researchers don’t know why some of the footwear at Magna is so large. They’ve also unearthed thousands of shoes at the nearby Roman fort of Vindolanda, but most of those were normal in size. Of the 3,704 measurable shoes discovered at Vindolanda, just 16 of them, or about 0.4 percent, were longer than 11.8 inches, per Live Science. For comparison, 25 percent of the shoes found at Magna so far have been more than 11.8 inches long.

The giant Magna shoes will probably shrink a little bit during the conservation process. But even if they lose 0.4 inches of length, which archaeologists say is standard, they’ll still be gigantic.

To figure out who was wearing the large footwear, researchers plan to study the wear patterns and foot impressions left behind in the shoes. These insights could help them work backward to model the feet of the original wearers. They also plan to date pottery and other artifacts found at Magna to better understand the site’s timeline, as well as who may have been living there at various points in history.

Some of the shoes found at Vindolanda

Individuals from different parts of the world were likely living and working at Magna two millennia ago. The shoes serve as a reminder “that not every population was the same, that wide variations between the regiments and people who served along Hadrian’s Wall, could be cultural and physical,” says Andrew Birley, CEO and director of excavations for the Vindolanda Trust, the organization that oversees Magna and Vindolanda, in a statement.

“We can only celebrate and marvel at the diversity and differences of these people if we can still see them in the archaeological data we gather today,” he adds.

Adapted from an article in Smithsonian magazine

An ancient cult in Rome

 

More things to see underground in Rome

Mithras was a Persian god introduced to Rome by the sol­diers stationed in the east. The god Mithras was born from a rock and when he died, he ascended into heaven. Like Jesus, he came to earth to show the way and oppose evil. His followers were baptized in bull’s blood. He is always depicted wearing a conical hat with the top folded forwards, which was associated with Persians and Eastern European tribes at the time.

The legionaries built temples to the god Mithras all over the empire. This religion was very popular with the Roman aristoc­racy and was in direct competi­tion with Christianity until it was outlawed in 395. Rome Mithraeum temples usually date between 100 BC and 300 AD.

The god Mithras shown killing the bull

One of the best examples that you can visit is under the basilica of San Clemente. San Clemente is like a time machine of Rome across the centuries. Constructions from the first, third, fourth centuries, Mid­dle Ages and then additions in the eigh­teenth century are overlaid on four levels.

At the lowest level, under the basilica of San Clemente, in the courtyard of a first century apartment block, a Mithraeum was erected, which included a pronaos (vestibule) and triclin­ium (dining room). In the latter are the altar and the benches where the participants of this mysterious religion sat. The vault of the grotto represented the heavens, that is, the universe. On the ceiling were stars and the constellations known at that time. This religion put emphasis on loyalty and faith and, for this, held particular sway on the military. The Roman legions introduced it in all parts of the empire and remains of Mithraeums have been found in many countries.

The mithraeum under San Clemente with the altar and seating benches

The muscular god Mithras is represented while killing a bull, whose blood makes the earth fertile. Even though the cult originated in Per­sia, a bearded and reclining Roman god, possibly Oceanus or Nep­tune, often assists in the foreground of the scene. A dog instrumen­tal in finding the bull is sometimes depicted while the tail of the bull terminates in a large stalk of grain that symbolizes the cycle of life made possible by the blood of the animal.

It has been estimated that during the third cen­tury about 2000 mithraeums flourished in the city. For another example, excavations underground at Santa Prisca have brought to light an extraordinarily complete Mithraeum. This cult was very popular in the early days of Christianity and after it fell out of favor, frequently churches were built over the unused buildings. At least 3 other rooms have been recovered, one used by the Pontifex and the ministers to don the sacred liturgical vests for the procession and sacred functions. It is open to the public the 2nd and 4th Sunday of the month. 

The mithraeum under Santa Prisca

Other sites that have excavated remains are the Mithraeum of Circus Maximus, the mithraeum beneath the opulent Palazzo Barberini, The Baths of Caracalla and the Mithraeum of the Seven Spheres, in Ostia Antica. Although the mithraeum under San Clemente is always available to visitors, most of the others have limited access.